UN - United Nations
The world largest
international organization, The United Nations was established on October
24,1945, after World
War II, the goal of world
peace and security. The United Nations is located in Manhattan, New York. On
June 26, 1945, 50 countries signed The UN Charter. at the time of its founding,
The United Nations had 51 member countries, but now it has 193 member countries.
The United Nations was named after the then US President Roosevelt. The current
Secretary-General of the United Nations is Antonio Guterres.
Aims & Objectives of the United Nations:
- To maintain world peace.
- Establishing and maintaining friendly relations between
nations.
- Helping the poor to improve their quality of life,
overcoming hunger, disease, and illiteracy and working together to promote
mutual respect for rights and freedoms.
- To act as a forum to help nations achieve their goals.
UN specialized agency:
- World Bank
- WHO (World Health Organization)
- FAO ( Food & Agricultural Organization)
- UNICEF (United Nations International Children Emergency
Fund)
- UNESCO (United Nations Education Scientific and
Cultural Organization)
- WTO (World Trade Organization)
- ILO (International Labour Organization)
- WTO (World Tourism Organization)
- IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development)
- IMF (International Monetary Fund)
- IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)
- IMO (International Maritime Organization)
- WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)
- UPU (Universal Postal organization)
- UNIDO ( United Nations Industrial Development
Organization)
- UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)
- ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
- WMO (World Meteorological Organization)
- IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change)
- ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization)
- UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development)
- UNHCR (United Nations High Commissions for
Refugees)
- UNU (United Nations University)
- UNFPA (United Nations Fund for Population Activities)
- UNDP (United Nations Development Program)
- UNIFEM (United Nations Development Fund for Women)
UNICEF:
> Its full name is United Nations International Children Emergency Fund.
> It was established in 1946 to provide relief to children affected by World War II.
> It is headquartered in New York, United States.
> In 1965, UNICEF won the Nobel Prize for peace.
> It has been working for the welfare and development of children in the least developed and developing countries of the world since 1950.
UNICEF is a specialized agency of the United Nations that provides services to children in various countries, especially in developing countries. The organization works for maternal and child health, nutrition and disease prevention, primary health care, basic education, sanitation, and women's development.
UNESCO:
> Its full name is United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization.
> It was established in 1946.
> It is located in Paris, France.
> Currently 195 countries are members of UNESCO.
> Its main goal is to ensure world peace and security by facilitating education, science, culture, and communication between different nations.
UNESCO has four main areas of work - education, science, culture, and communication. UNESCO is working to awaken respect for justice, the rule of law, and human rights among all peoples of the world.
WHO:
> Its full name is the World Health Organization.
> It was formed on April 6, 1948.
UNDP:
> Its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.
> It acts as a coordinating body in protecting public health in different countries of the world.
> It was formed in 1965.
> Its full name is United Nations Development Programme.
>Its headquarters are located in New York.
> It implements and oversees the United Nations' global development activities.
> Its main function is to remove the poor from the world and help in the development of developing countries.
This organization mainly works in 6 fields. Such as the establishment of democratic governance, poverty alleviation, crisis management, environment and energy conservation, information and communication technology, and HIV and AIDS.
FAO:
> Its full name is Food & Agricultural Organization.
> It was established in 1945.
> 194 countries are its members.
> Its location is in Rome, Italy.
> The organization is working against hunger around the world.
FAO's main goals are to build a global food security system by eliminating hunger and malnutrition, increase agricultural production, and improve people's living standards.
UNFPA:
> Its full name is United Nations Fund for Population Activities.
> It was established in 1969.
> It is located in New York.
> More than 140 countries around the world are members of UNFPA.
> UNFP conducts its activities through its regional offices located in different parts of the world.
UNFPA's main goal is to provide the necessary advice and assistance to developing countries to address their demographic problems. It assists in the formulation of population policy and implementation of programs in the country through the provision of population information.
The United Nations has six main agencies:
1. General Assembly/ UNGA
2. Security Council/ UNSC
3. Economic and Social Council/ ECOSOC
4. International Court of Justice/ ICJ
5. Secretariate
6. Trusteeship Council
General Assembly:
> The General Assembly is said to be the focal point of the main UN discussions.
> The General Assembly is made up of all the member states of the United Nations.
> The UN budget is announced in the General Assembly.
> Each country can send a representative to the General Assembly - 5 people each.
> Each country has the power to vote in the General Assembly - 1.
> The General Assembly meets annually - from the third Tuesday in September each year.
> Term of the President of the General Assembly - 1 year.
> The current number of members of the UN General Assembly is 193.
> The session of the UN General Assembly is held outside the UN - twice.
Security Council:
> Total member countries of the Security Council - 15.
> Permanent members of the Security Council - 5 (France, China, Russia, the United States, and the United Kingdom).
> There are 10 temporary members of the Security Council
> A temporary member of the Security Council is elected - for two years.
> The permanent members of the Security Council have - veto power.
> Former United Nations Secretary-General Perez de Queller calls the Security Council a "safety net."
> The term of office of the President of the Security Council is 1 month.
> In order to pass any bill in the Security Council, the vote of 9 countries, including 5 permanent members, is required.
Economic and Social Council:
> The Economic and Social Council is called - "UN family.
> Its member countries are elected by a two-thirds majority vote of the General Assembly.
> Number of members of Economic and Social Council - 54.
> Term of membership of Economic and Social Council - 3 years.
> The Economic and Social Council convenes every year with 18 members and 18 new members.
> Its founding member - 18.
International Court of Justice:
> Another name for the International Court of Justice in the Court of Arbitration.
> The trial of the International Court of Justice began on April 3, 1946.
> Judges of the International Court of Justice are appointed - by a separate vote of the General Assembly and the Security Council.
> Judges cannot be appointed from any country - more than one.
> The headquarters of the International Court of Justice is known as the "Palace of Peace" - in The Hague, Netherlands.
> Rosalin Higgins (UK) is the first female lawyer in the UN International Court of Justice.
> Judges of the International Criminal Court - 18, 6 years.
> 1st case - UK and Albania
Secretariate:
> The head of the UN Secretariat is the Secretary-General.
> It is located in New York, USA.
Trusteeship Council:
In 1994, Palau lost its independence and its activities were suspended.
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